Who defines professionalism? The #MedBikini movement

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Twitter has been flooded over the last week with pictures of female physicians in bikinis. This is a push back from a particularly misogynistic piece of “research” published in the Journal of Vascular Surgery* (“Prevalence of unprofessional social media content among young vascular surgeons”). This IRB-approved peer-reviewed study attempted to quantify the amount of “unprofessional” behaviour on Facebook, Twitter and Instagram exhibited by a group of recent vascular surgery fellows and residents. Three of the authors created fake social media accounts and looked at bikinis, posing with alcohol and sociopolitical posts (among other things) on social media as evidence of unprofessionalism. Unsurprisingly one Twitter commentator posted “I think the authors confused “professional” with “patriarchal”.

The massive backlash illustrated the way the word “professionalism” is often used as a loaded term to define a very narrow set of behaviours that have stemmed from the cultural norms of medicine. Norms which enforce the predominantly white, male, cis (you could keep going) status quo and norms that are subsequently enforced by other healthcare occupational groups. As Grey commented the professional is interpreted as “not just a man but, to a large extent, a white heterosexual middle-class man” (p. 584). These are the “neutral” workers – the rest of us are the exception, and thus need to be managed in the workplace with (e.g.) equity and diversity policies that include gender, race, sexual orientation etc. You won’t be surprised when I slip in a mention of institutional discrimination here.

The professional is one who “keeps his emotions in check and his personal matters out of the office” (p. 68). This likewise ties into “traditional” male values like control and rationality. But what constitutes a “personal matter”? The fact that we are parents? Have a mental illness? A physical disability? This is the same erasure that happens when Black radiographers are told their hair is unprofessional, LGBTQ nurses are told that their identities are unprofessional – it’s illegal to discriminate but acceptable to request that we downplay or hide our identities at work**. For that matter, what constitutes an office now when we’re doing Zoom calls in pyjamas and work-life balance seems like a distant joke?

There is growing awareness of the way that “professionalism” is often used punitively against those already disempowered within healthcare. The heart of the original definition of professionalism is working for the public good. Let’s hope #MedBikini inspires a closer look at what we mean when we use the word “professionalism” in the future.

* Which has since been retracted and the journal and authors have issued apologies

** For more on this see Yoshino’s research on “covering” at work

Skipping Canada Day

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Flag designed by Kwakwaka’wakw artist Curtis Wilson

I love Canada. It’s my adopted home. I’ve happily lived and worked here for over 30 years and I have two Canadian kids. Today, though, I am struggling. I am thinking about my son P who is just turning 19.

When my ex-wife and I adopted P he was a lively 18 month-old. When he was six he received a diagnosis of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) which was both a relief (it explained his extreme behaviour) and a bombshell. Our subsequent experiences as parent advocates and support-group attendees prepared us for a tough road ahead for him. P is not unique. FAS affects more than 300,000 Canadians (probably an under estimation as many go undiagnosed). It is a lifelong cognitive and functional disability due to maternal alcohol use. People with FAS have brain damage, which results in difficulties with language, communication, memory, attention and executive functioning. Many kids with FAS struggle at school because of secondary disabilities like behavioural issues and poor academic performance, they often get suspended and drop out early. When they get older alcohol and drug problems are common, as well as chronic unemployment, homelessness and trouble with the law.

P’s Métis heritage was described in his “birth history” binder but became a focus as he entered the foster system at 13. He rightly has access to support that includes specialised social work and developing cultural connections; he’s recently become interested in connecting to his birth family. He’s also inherited this devastating condition that disproportionately affects Indigenous communities. We don’t know what P’s birth mother dealt with, or her mother, but we do know that there are intergenerational effects that are linked to, or are a result of, the Canadian residential school system that removed and isolated Indigenous children from the influence of their homes, families, traditions and cultures. We also know that Indigenous women today experience numerous barriers and gaps in service that prevent them from accessing prenatal and addiction treatment services. This is the colonial legacy of Canada’s 153-year history, a fact that’s not dealt with in the red-and-white festivities that celebrate Canada’s birthday every July 1st.

I am acutely aware that P’s story is his own and it is still being told. It’s not his only story, he is smart, loves to rap and has a wicked sense of humour. As his mother, with his other mother, we live with the knowledge that he is unsafe, open to abuse and often puts himself in risky situations. One social worker told me that “we can only try and keep him alive until he grows up a bit”. I also know I am privileged. We were given support (although not enough as FAS is chronically underfunded), and as White women we were listened to. We had money to pay for extra help and the ability to move across the country to access better schooling. Indigenous mothers in our support groups had terrible stories of abusive treatment from healthcare workers and other support people. They endured racism, blame and mistreatment from those who were paid to help.

I’d usually stick a flag on Twitter or Facebook to celebrate Canada Day. But today I’ll just think about P and the thousands of other Indigenous people with FAS and skip the celebrations.

Proposals and progress

Indulge me, I promise to get back to (semi) academic topics soon. I wrote this in the throes of wedding planning, researching an LGBTQ2S+ legislation timeline for a course I’m developing and in the middle of LGBT history month. All of these things have made me realize how life has changed over the last 30 years in a much more personal way…

 

I’m getting married next year. I’ve been married before. My ex and I had a commitment ceremony (way) before same-sex marriage became legal in Canada. We’d bought a house, and we were starting the process of making a gay family (which is a lot more complicated than the heterosexual way). It took me a few years of us being together to realize that, although we couldn’t get married, I did want some kind of ceremonial commitment, a way to mark our passage from urban gay-village dwellers to suburban, baby-planning mortgage-havers. Although we were out to our families, it was a strained “don’t ask, don’t tell” kind of out. None of our parents wanted to come, and my only sibling likewise wasn’t interested as it wasn’t a “real” wedding. I convinced myself that this was fine, we had our chosen family there and they were the ones that counted, but that was only half true. I missed the build-up, the planning, the normal rituals of heterosexual coupling. Our lesbian officiant helped us create a kind of half-Wiccan, half-culturally appropriated semi-Indigenous ceremony that seemed fine in the mid-90s but would be wildly inappropriate today. We had a friend drive over to Buffalo and fill up the car with wine. Other friends provided the music, did the flowers and brought home made pavlova.

It was a fabulous day, and very meaningful, I loved it. But I couldn’t shake the feeling while we were planning that it wasn’t the same, it wasn’t fair. I didn’t want the big white dress, but I would have liked the option to scoff at the patriarchal idea of my dad giving me away (and I would probably have done it anyway). I’d followed the “marriage is an anarchic, repressive, heteronormative institution that gays should shun” argument and I could see the point. I also felt (and feel) strongly that queer people often have to build their family with alternative forms of intimate relationships. This is a strength of my tribe! It reminds me of the advice in Hamlet about keeping good friends, how you should “grapple them to thy soul with hoops of steel”. When you’re up against a society that tells you that you are less than, friends that understand are worth grappling. I knew all that but wanted to get married anyway.

On June 20th, 2005, Canada became the fourth country in the world to legalize same-sex marriage. My ex and I tied the (official) knot at City Hall that same year. We’d already done the commitment ceremony so we kept it simple. We went with two gay friends who also got married (there were lots of jokes from the clerks about making sure they married the right couples). I  bought a purple dress from Le Chateau, put up my hair and cried my way through the familiar words. I remember a rush of joy and amazement that we were participating in something so taken for granted by non-gay people, a process that is so fundamentally optimistic. An ancient observance full of love and hope. It was incredible. We went out for dinner afterwards, a new set of photos appeared on the mantlepiece and we had a new anniversary date to remember.

This time I am older. Society has changed, but I still don’t want the white dress. My beloved and I are wedding planning for next year in the UK and no one cares that we are two women. There are still dedicated websites for “gay friendly” locations, but most places stick a same-sex couple on their website just to flag that they are cool with it. The biggest beef I have is that everyone seems to get married in a barn these days. With hops on the rafters and fairy lights. And when did I miss the memo that I should have a minimum of 100 “evening” friends? Who wants to schlep all over Kent to drink in a barn on a Saturday night with a mini cone of fish and chips (standard “evening” wedding fare)? But despite the vagaries (and expenses) of the wedding industry, the process feels…normal. And wonderful. Most importantly, our families are excited and involved. Finally. I don’t feel like I am apologizing, minimizing, rationalizing why it should be less than, different from or not as good as any other marriage. It’s just the same. Almost thirty years after the first time, it’s just the same. It’s marriage, not gay marriage. And that’s a lot to celebrate.

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Photo by Annette Dawm from Pexels

The defence

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The (almost) final stage of the doctorate is the oral defence. I defended my EdD in Educational Leadership and Policy last week in a sunny room with a nice view of the autumn trees at the University of British Columbia (UBC), bright and early at 9am. The UBC website says that the purpose of the defence is “to ensure that the Candidate is able to present and defend the dissertation and its underlying assumptions, methodology, results, and conclusions in a manner consistent with the doctoral degree being sought” and to “communicate the results of the work to the campus community”. My committee members were there (three of them including my supervisor) and two university appointed examiners. My external examiner submitted questions by email to my supervisor.

The defence was open to the public (who get a chance to ask questions) – and my partner and three other friends/fellow EdD students attended. Also there was one of my professors and two other curious grad students. The three hour session was chaired by another UBC professor who kept things on track. I did a 30 minute presentation (some defences don’t include this) and had about 90 minutes worth of questions. After the questions (including those from my external examiner that were asked by my supervisor), we retired from the room while they deliberated. When I came back I was told that they recommended I pass based on some minor edits. At no point did anyone say, “Congratulations Dr. Bolderston” (sadly) – in fact my supervisor told me I shouldn’t use the title until my final version was submitted and signed off (within four weeks of the defence date). Don’t tell her I have already changed my email signature!

Advice online varied from “read your dissertation a few times and relax” to “make detailed study notes, read all the key literature again, make a cheat sheet with important points and take it with you”. I fell somewhere in between this – I did skim a couple of papers and the text that I’d based a lot of the work on, made notes in my dissertation and read it about four times. I didn’t end up referring to the printed copy during the defence but it was nice to have it on the table.

Here is a selection of the advice I received from friends and colleagues and my take on it:

  • Relax, enjoy it. It will be the only time people pay so much focused attention to your very hard work.
    • This is true, but it also feels like very high stakes and a lot of unknown questions that you worry about. I did relax about half way through, after the questions from my two university examiners. I figured my committee would be easier on me (I was right). In retrospect a lot of lovely things were said about my work that I wish I could have enjoyed more!
  • Take a few days before you look at the detailed feedback and address your edits.
    • The feedback consists of the external examiners report, plus comments from the university examiners. My supervisor kindly waited a few days before sending them, this was useful or I would have dived in and felt overwhelmed. There are a lot of suggestions. The committee however only had two after their in camera discussion. My supervisor’s advice is to look at them all as you may want to incorporate some of the “extra” ones – your dissertation will be online and permanent so don’t rush to get it off your desk, much as you want it out of your sight.
  • Don’t dwell on what went wrong/what you felt could have been better.
    • This is hard. I still go over some of the questions and wince.
  • Be honest if you don’t know – never bullshit.
    • I did ask for questions to be rephrased, wrote a few notes during questions and outright said I didn’t understand once or twice. All the examiners had read the dissertation so even when I forgot all of the trustworthiness criteria (I knew that would come up!) I didn’t feel too bad.
  • Run through your talk a couple of times and practice answering some typical questions.
    • My practice defence was a disaster! My usual approach to a presentation is to keep tweaking and practicing right up until the talk. My practice defence was almost a week before and I wasn’t ready. My committee members were kind but very clear that you need to know your stuff, relying on notes and fumbling through the dissertation is not going to cut it. During that time I did interview myself a lot (with some common defence questions) – in the car, in the shower etc. My partner was very patient, and snuck in a few questions of her own that made me think about areas I’d not considered much. I also read a few sites like this which have some typical questions, and I asked my supervisor for ideas.
  • Research your examiners and look at some of their work. Be prepared for what they may ask based on their background.
    • I did this but I don’t think it helped much! One of my examiners was a nurse scholar. It was interesting to see the points she raised were far more germane in traditional healthcare sciences research than in a typical education doctorate. Something I hadn’t thought about and would have been more useful to consider than her background in a particular area of nursing research.
  • Take the day off before your defence and do something fun. Don’t read your dissertation again.
    • Nope, couldn’t do it. I checked out the room I was going to use to see where it was on the campus and what the AV was like. Read the dissertation yet again. Tweaked the slides one final time. Drank wine.
  • You might feel a sense of let down or even sadness.
    • Bingo! A few days after the initial adrenaline rush I found I was (and am) quite weepy and it’s hard to focus. I had expected to feel a weight lift off (sadly not the weight gained during the last four years of nose-to-the-grindstone and gradual abandoning of all exercise other than hitting the keyboard) and I was surprised by the gloom. Post-defence depression is something that about 50% of doctoral students experience. It’s about picking up the threads of your life again, and perhaps finding an identity beyond that of “exhausted scholar”.

Next steps are to tackle the required edits which need to be signed off by my supervisor. I also have to write my acknowledgements and dedication. That’s the fun part. Then the dissertation is sent to the Graduate and Post Doctoral Studies department who make sure it’s formatted correctly and upload it to the online portal. Once it is up I am finished – or rather, the work of disseminating the results outside the university community starts.

Clandinin and Connelly call blogging “field text” and I have found blogging to be really helpful during the research and writing process. I used some sections from this blog in my dissertation, to show how my ideas had developed and as a form of reflexivity. I’m going to continue and see where it goes – hope you’ll continue to read!

Comic: XKCD

More men in radiography: A flawed approach?

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Browsing my Twitter feed this weekend I noticed the latest “gender-sensitive recruitment campaign” by Sheffield Hallam University (SHU) aimed at increasing the amount of male student radiotherapy radiographers. This strategy is also going to be disseminated to other SHU professional courses, other higher education institutions, and the Society of Radiographers. A lot of it is great. For example “emphasis(ing) a sustainable career – working hours, pension, salary at entry, and career progression opportunities” and “more male role models at recruitment events”. We all want a sustainable career and role modelling works, having men featured in videos, at events etc. shows other men that this is a possible career for them.

The first part that I found troubling was the idea that “recruitment language and terminology (will) include leadership attributes (decision-making, problem-solving, saving lives)”. Few would argue that who we are affects our opportunities. I’ve written before about women in leadership positions. The late Kenyan Nobel Peace laureate, Wangari Maathai, said: “The higher you go, the fewer women there are*” We also know that “for decades the healthcare executive suite has remained 86% white male”. As traditionally gendered professions, like radiography, become more “prestigious” (higher entry qualifications, more role extension and so on), more men enter and the number of women at the top declines. This happened in teaching, is happening in nursing and (I think) might be happening in radiotherapy, at least in Canada.

The latest Canadian Association of Medical Radiation Technologist’s health human resources survey, shows the gender ratio for radiation therapy managers is 55.2% female, 44.8% male. The number of male managers has increased by over 10% from the last survey (2015).  I suspect the number of male managers will likely continue to increase and in a few years will overtake the number of female managers. This is a disproportionate number considering the oft-cited 80%-20% female-male gender spread. Perhaps we need to encourage more women to go for it, apply for the manager jobs, rather than dangle them in front of potential male students. Men don’t seem to have a problem with seeing themselves in those roles, women traditionally do.

That was a mild annoyance. The part of the recruitment strategy that was more troubling was the intent to focus “more on technology and science in recruitment imagery, rather than cancer care and interpersonal aspects”. Do I even need to explain why? It’s the old idea that men aren’t attracted to ‘women’s roles’ like caring. Which is bad enough. But do we really want to bring in students who just want to “kill cancer with big laser guns” (to paraphrase part of the campaign designed to raise awareness of the profession in younger people). The heart of our profession is caring, we should be putting more emphasis on it, not less. In fact, most of our recruitment campaigns already feature pictures of people in white coats (us) with big machines that loom over indistinct bodies on the bed. Very few emphasize the affective side of the role.

Don’t get me wrong. We need men! And not just to reach the high shelves. A diverse patient population requires diverse healthcare professionals. I also think men have been seriously disadvantaged by the ‘women do the care, men use technology’ rhetoric. This has been well explored in nursing (for example here and here). I think investigating this with “focus groups and a national questionnaire” is helpful. What might be more helpful would be to look at this not as an isolated issue in one particular university (or even one particular profession), but a societal issue that is a by-product of how we view men and women. Dare I say using a feminist lens?

I just think by stressing “you can be a leader” and “you get to play with the tech” (rather than care for people) to attract more men is buying into tired tropes, and perhaps even making the overall profession worse, not better.

*Cited by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie

Header image: White Rock, BC